May
8

Private Notes

The form of the local energy conservation equation which governs the microwave water heating process during stady state conditions can be written as :

    \[\frac{dP(z)}{dz}=-{\rho}{\Phi}{c}\frac{dT(z)}{dz} \hspace{10mm} (1) \]

where P(z) and T(z) are the microwave power and the temperature of water at a distance z away from the inlet, \rho, \Phi, and c are the volumetric mass, flow rate and specific heat of water respectively. However the microwave power at a distance z away from the inlet is given by, [4], [7] :

    \[ P(z)=P_{o}\hspace{1mm} exp\{-2 \int_0^z \alpha (z') \, dz' \}\hspace{10mm} (2)\]

where P_o and \alpha(z')  are the input microwave power and the heat transfert absorption coefficient respectively. For a WR 340 water heat transfer for which e is the thickness of the liquid slab,

    \[ \alpha (z') = \frac{\beta}{T(z')} \]

in the temperature range 25 < T < 75° C where \beta is the following physical constant :

\beta = 7.35 e 230 dB.° C/m = 1.690 e dB.° C/mm = 0.194 e °C/mm where e is in mm.

Integrating eqn.(1) gives :

    \[ P_o + \rho \Phi c T_o = P(z) + \rho \Phi c T(z) = \rho \Phi c T_f \hspace{10mm} (3) \]

where P_o is totally absorbed along the heat transfer, T_o and T_f are the input and output temperatures of water respectively.

Differentiating eqn.(2) gives :

    \[\frac{dP(z)}{dz}=-2\beta \frac{P(z)}{T(z)} \hspace{10mm} (4) \]

Substracting eqn.(4) from eqn.(1) yields :

    \[{\rho}{\Phi}{c}\frac{dT(z)}{dz} = 2\beta \frac{P(z)}{T(z)} \hspace{10mm} (5) \]

eqn.(3) gives :

    \[ \frac{P(z)}{ T(z)} = {\rho}{\Phi}{c}\frac{T_f}{T(z)} - {\rho}{\Phi} c \hspace{10mm} (6) \]

Substituing P(z)/ T(z), eq.(5) yields :

    \[ dz = \frac{dT(z)}{2\beta (\frac {T_f} {T(z)} - 1)} \hspace{10mm} (7) \]

Integrating eqn.(7) along the heat transfer gives :

    \[ 2\frac{\beta{z} }{T_o} = - \ln ( 1 -\delta ) - [ \ln (1 -\delta) + \delta ] \frac{\Delta T}{T_o} \hspace{10 mm} (8) \]

where \Delta T = T_f - T_o and:

    \[ \delta = \frac{T(z) - T_o }{\Delta T} = \frac{\Delta T(z)}{ \Delta T} \]

\Delta T is related to the process parameters by the formula :

    \[ \Delta T = \frac{P_o }{\rho \Phi c} \]

Ignoring the absorption coefficient variation with \alpha (z')= \beta /T_o   gives the simplified equation :

    \[ 2\frac{\beta{z^*} }{T_o} = - \ln ( 1 -\delta ) \hspace{10 mm} (9) \]

where z^* is the approximate position at ratio \delta . Now let us consider a volume of water of thickness e and height h(z) described as follows :

This design is well adapted to minimize microwave reflections on the inner pipe. The corresponding heat transfer absorption coefficient \alpha '(z')  can be written as:

    \[ \alpha '(z')= \alpha (z') \frac{h(z')}{b} \hspace{10mm} (10)\]

where b is the height of the wave guide. By following the same procedure as for the rectangular slab, eqn.(7) becomes :

    \[ \frac{h(z)}{b}dz = \frac{dT(z)}{2\beta (\frac {T_f} {T(z)} - 1)} \hspace{10mm} (11) \]

Integrating eqn.(11) along the heat transfer gives :

    \[ \frac{V(z) }{v} = - \ln ( 1 -\delta ) - [ \ln (1 -\delta) + \delta ] \frac{\Delta T}{T_o} \hspace{10 mm} (12) \]

where V(z) is the necessary volume of water which leads to the required ratio \delta. Therefore :

    \[ V(z)=\int_0^z e h (z') \, dz' \}\hspace{10mm} \]

By definition v is the volume of a rectangular liquid slab of eight b at a point distance  T_o/2\beta away from the inlet :

    \[ v =\frac{be T_o} { 2\beta } \hspace{10mm} (13) \]

As the thickness e is substantially smaller than the width of the heat transfer, \beta varies linearly with e [7], therefore v as well as V(z) at a given ratio \delta do not depend upon the shape h(z)  of the inner pipe.

It will be noted that the volume V(z) is the appropriate parameter for describing the microwave heating process.

Publié par Mahi Microwave Water Heater S'abonner au flux RSS feed Partager

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